This entry explores both the multiple forms of drama written by women between the 1550s and the beginning of the eighteenth century and the other, myriad ways in which women involved themselves in the production of drama in the period (including as actresses, patrons, theatergoers, and providers of labor). Mainstream discussions have tended to bypass early modern women’s drama, and it is only in recent decades that criticism has attended properly to documenting and reflecting on its reach and importance. Taking into account the full extent of their participation in performance and theatrical cultures, this entry argues that women’s contribution to drama is deep-rooted, that women operate vitally and proactively inside dramatic traditions, that they undertake novel and transformative work, and that they have an undeniable impact on the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century literary and theatrical world.