The efficient recovery of chlorophyll is crucial for maximizing its economic potential and industrial value. Chlorophyll and its derivatives are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. It has been found that microalgae, as a source for biomolecules like chlorophyll, have enormous potential. However, optimization of the downstream processing (DSP) steps is essential for enhancing chlorophyll yield, quality, and purity. The key stages involved in the process are biomass harvesting, cell disruption, solvent extraction, and purification. Here, in this chapter, the optimization of extraction parameters (such as temperature, time, and solvent-to-biomass ratio), selection of suitable solvents and cell-disruption techniques, as well as the use of eco-friendly methods minimizing chlorophyll degradation and co-extraction of impurities, are emphasized. Furthermore, analytical techniques for measuring chlorophyll content and assessing purity are also described. This chapter provides a comprehensive approach for the optimization of the critical DSP steps to maximize chlorophyll yield and purity while maintaining functionality. This chapter serves as a practical guide for researchers and industry professionals aiming to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and economic viability of chlorophyll recovery from microalgal biomass.