Beta-glucans are active carbohydrates in barley and wheat that boost the immune system. These (1 → 3),(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans work with immune receptors like Dectin-1 and CR3 making the body’s defense stronger by helping cells phagocytose toxins. This chapter elaborates on how to extract these hydrocarbons from natural sources, using ultrasound waves and microwaves or hot water under pressure. For purification, DEAE-52 cellulose or ethanol was used. For further characterization, FTIR was used. To check its effects on immune system, RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells were used in labs and their immune-modulatory chemicals (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) were also traced. Adding beta-glucans makes immune cells work better without affecting them, which means they could be beneficial for health as foods and medicines to keep people healthy.