FISH-microdissection (FISH-MD) is a method that combines FISH technology and chromosome microdissection in a single experiment. This method enables the reliable and straightforward identification of target chromosomes or chromosome regions by FISH with specific probes and the immediate microdissection of the chromosome region of interest. FISH-MD can be used when chromosome identification by trypsin-Giemsa staining is complicated or impossible due to chromosome morphology.