Resistant starch (RS) is defined as that fraction of carbohydrate that is not digested by digestive enzymes. However, RS can serve as a substrate in fermentation processes of bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract, especially probiotics. The prebiotic activity of RS can be obtained by microbiological analysis in vitro by probiotic bacteria counts in culture medium enriched with RS or by in vivo analysis by the evaluation of the health parameters of animals or humans after a period of diet rich in RS.