Food adulteration remains a significant threat to global food safety, public health, and consumer trust. The intentional or naïve addition of hazardous materials to consumables inflicts a range of health risks from immediate poisoning to long-term illnesses. Although the classical methods for detection have a great degree of precision, they are frequently limited by exorbitant costs, complicated machinery, skilled staff requirements, and lengthy procedure periods. There has been a need to develop rapid, user-friendly, and compact alternatives. An emerging promising technology is the Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) technology, which integrates multiple laboratory procedures into a singular micro device. LOC systems use microfluidic principles to quickly, sensitively, and specifically analyze food samples by manipulating small amounts of fluids. These devices have the ability to detect and identify numerous concerning additives like pesticides, toxins, heavy metals, synthetic dyes, and other unauthorized substances in a wide variety of food matrices such as milk, meat, cereals, oils, fruits, beverages, and spices. This chapter explores a range of LOC detection methods, including DNA-based verification, surface Plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence detection, Dielectrophoresis (DEP), and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) systems, in the context of detecting food adulterants. Especially in resource-poor regions, LOC systems’ particular features of mobility, cost effectiveness, automation, and lower reagent consumption make them ideal for point-of-care (POC) and in-field testing. Also, advancements in nanomaterials, including gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene, biosensors, and smartphone technology, have greatly improved the function and availability of LOC systems. Furthermore, these systems owe their high adaptability to the development of new materials such as hybrid polymer and paper-based chips. Despite the fact that LOC technologies could revolutionize food safety, device standardization, sample matrix interference, and regulatory clearance remain problematic. Nonetheless, their further development and integration into existing food safety systems could alter the entire landscape of monitoring and controlling food fraud worldwide. This assessment, therefore, underlines the promise of LOC technologies as advanced technologies for protecting consumers and verifying the quality of food offered to them.