Food safety remains a critical global concern as contamination incidents continue to pose significant risks to public health and economic stability. Traditional analytical methods, while reliable, often require sophisticated laboratory infrastructure, extensive sample preparation, and considerable time for analysis. Electrochemical techniques have emerged as powerful alternatives, offering rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective solutions for detecting various food contaminants. The core electrochemical techniques employed in food contaminant detection encompass voltammetry, amperometry, potentiometry, and impedance spectroscopy. Voltammetric techniques excel in trace metal detection through their ability to measure current responses as a function of applied potential. Amperometric sensors offer excellent sensitivity for real-time monitoring applications, while potentiometric methods provide selective ion detection capabilities. Impedance spectroscopy contributes valuable information about interfacial processes and binding events, particularly useful in biosensor applications. Modern electrochemical sensors incorporate advanced electrode materials and surface modifications to enhance performance characteristics. Carbon-based electrodes, noble metal electrodes, and screen-printed electrodes serve as foundational platforms, often modified with nanomaterials to improve sensitivity and selectivity. Nanomaterial integration, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and quantum dots (QDs), has revolutionized sensor capabilities by increasing surface area and enhancing electron transfer kinetics. Biosensors and immunosensors represent sophisticated developments that combine biological recognition elements with electrochemical transduction, enabling highly specific detection of target analytes.