The global fruit and vegetable processing industry generates significant by-products, including seeds, peels, pulp, and pomace residues, which pose environmental and economic challenges, while offering opportunities for valorizationValorization. These by-products, abundant in bioactive substances like dietary fiberDietary fiber, polyphenols, carotenoids, and essential oils, are increasingly recognized as valuable raw materials for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. Sustainable management strategies, such as bioactive compound extraction and reintegration into the food chain, align with circular economy principles and promote waste minimization. This chapter offers an extensive overview of fruit and vegetable processing wastes (FVPWs), their composition, and utilization pathways. The rising demand for bio-based solutions, alongside regulatory and consumer-driven sustainability trends, highlights the need for innovative recycling approaches. By emphasizing their nutritional, functional, and economic value, this chapter underscores the significance of these by-products in supporting sustainable food systems, enhancing environmental sustainability, and optimizing resource efficiency.