The extraction of essential oils from plant material is crucial for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries. While traditional methods like steam distillation and solvent extraction are commonly used to extract essential oil, microwave-assisted techniques are gaining attention for their efficiency. This chapter describes the procedures and protocols for essential oil extraction using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. It includes an overview of essential oil and the mechanism of microwave extraction. The necessary materials, such as raw materials, solvents, and extraction apparatus, as well as the methodology for extraction, including pretreatment of raw materials, are thoroughly covered. Safety precautions and storage recommendations are also addressed. This chapter offers valuable insights into enhancing essential oil extraction processes through microwave technology.