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Septic-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a frequent neurological complication of sepsis, posing significant challenges in clinical management due to its complex pathophysiology and limited therapeutic options. Recent research has explored the potential of both racemic ketamine and its S-enantiomer, esketamine, in mitigating SAE symptoms by modulating inflammation, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and preserving cognitive function. This chapter summarizes preclinical and clinical research findings, as well as ongoing clinical trials, regarding the efficacy and safety of racemic and esketamine in SAE treatment.

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Racemic or Esketamine for Treatment of Septic Encephalopathy: First Preclinical and Clinical Research Data and Registered Clinical Trials

  • 实验方案

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Yuming Wu,
  • Shiying Yuan,
  • Jiancheng Zhang

摘要

Septic-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a frequent neurological complication of sepsis, posing significant challenges in clinical management due to its complex pathophysiology and limited therapeutic options. Recent research has explored the potential of both racemic ketamine and its S-enantiomer, esketamine, in mitigating SAE symptoms by modulating inflammation, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and preserving cognitive function. This chapter summarizes preclinical and clinical research findings, as well as ongoing clinical trials, regarding the efficacy and safety of racemic and esketamine in SAE treatment.