Astronauts perform a wide variety of tasks in space, such as operating complex technical systems like docking or undocking a spacecraft, controlling robotic arms, conducting scientific experiments, and executing specific tasks during extra-vehicular activities. These tasks demand various cognitive and psychomotor skills. Therefore, astronauts must maintain a high level of performance efficiency during their missions, which is crucial for the success and safety of long-duration missions. Space travel poses numerous environmental challenges to the central nervous system, including changes in gravitational acceleration that disrupt terrestrial synergies between perception and action; exposure to galactic cosmic radiation that can damage neurons and structures; and multiple factors such as isolation, confinement, altered atmosphere, and mission parameters, including the distance from Earth, that can impact brain functions.