Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) for Plant Viral Detection
摘要
Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) has emerged as a powerful molecular diagnostic tool for the rapid and sensitive detection of RNA targets. Due to its speed, simplicity, usability, and affordable equipment needs, LAMP is a technique for amplifying specific DNA sequences. Its main objective is to detect the plant viruses by achieving DNA amplification in an isothermal environment. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification is a single-tube technique that amplifies nucleic acid with high specificity, efficiency, and rapidity under isothermal conditions with a set of six specially designed primers that recognize six to eight distinct sequences of the target DNA. These primers consist of two internal primers (FIP, BIP), two external primers (F3, B3), and two loop primers. In RT-LAMP, RNA is reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA), which serves as the template for amplification. The reaction is carried out at a constant temperature, typically around 60–65 °C. RT-LAMP results can be visualized by different ways such as turbidity and colorimetric, or fluorescent indicators can be added to the reaction mixture, enabling real-time monitoring of amplification progress. Turbidity-based detection relies on the visual observation of turbidity or cloudiness in the reaction mixture due to the accumulation of magnesium pyrophosphate, a by-product of the amplification reaction. Positive reactions appear turbid, while negative reactions remain clear. Colorimetric detection involves the addition of dyes such as hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) or phenol red to the reaction mixture. Positive reactions result in a color change, typically from pink to yellow or orange, due to pH changes resulting from DNA amplification. Fluorescent dyes like SYBR Green I can be used to monitor amplification in real time using a fluorescence detector. Positive reactions exhibit an increase in fluorescence intensity proportional to DNA amplification.