Electronic waste (e-waste), which is rapidly emerging as a significant global environmental challenge due to the increased consumption of electronic devices, contains both hazardous materials and valuable metals, including gold, silver, palladium, and platinum. Conventional recovery methods are often energy-intensive and environmentally damaging, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. This chapter explores bioleaching as an eco-friendly approach for the recovery of precious metals, emphasizing the use of specialized microorganisms in solubilizing metals from electronic substrates through redox transformations, organic acid production, and biofilm-mediated leaching. Advances in metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and process optimization are also discussed to enhance bioleaching efficiency and selectivity. The chapter critically evaluates current research, industrial applications, and the environmental and economic implications of microbial bioleaching technologies. The incorporation of bioleaching into circular economy models and sustainable waste management frameworks is also examined, highlighting its potential role in minimizing environmental footprints and maximizing resource recovery.