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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent environmental contaminants. Photocatalysis could offer a promising strategy for removing certain PFAS compounds from contaminated water by breaking them down into less harmful substances. In this study, the performance of iron (Fe), bismuth (Bi), and TiO2-based photocatalysts was evaluated. Fe-based catalysts exhibited high efficiency for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) degradation under UV light, with activity strongly dependent on controlled Fe loading and thermal treatment, although excessive Fe content reduced performance due to light shielding and recombination. Bi-based catalysts demonstrated effectiveness under both UV and visible light, with enhancements achieved through carbon modification and hybrid systems, enabling deeper mineralization across both short- and long-chain PFAS. TiO2-based photocatalysts, the most widely studied, showed strong activity improved by doping and advanced structuring, with degradation primarily driven by superoxide radicals. Overall, these photocatalysts exhibit significant potential for PFAS removal, though their performance depends on careful material optimization and system design.

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Photocatalytic Degradation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): An Assessment of Catalyst Performance

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Prabhasankar Valiparambil,
  • Abhishek N. Srivastava,
  • Bhaskar Shivaswamy,
  • Sanjeeb Mohapatra

摘要

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent environmental contaminants. Photocatalysis could offer a promising strategy for removing certain PFAS compounds from contaminated water by breaking them down into less harmful substances. In this study, the performance of iron (Fe), bismuth (Bi), and TiO2-based photocatalysts was evaluated. Fe-based catalysts exhibited high efficiency for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) degradation under UV light, with activity strongly dependent on controlled Fe loading and thermal treatment, although excessive Fe content reduced performance due to light shielding and recombination. Bi-based catalysts demonstrated effectiveness under both UV and visible light, with enhancements achieved through carbon modification and hybrid systems, enabling deeper mineralization across both short- and long-chain PFAS. TiO2-based photocatalysts, the most widely studied, showed strong activity improved by doping and advanced structuring, with degradation primarily driven by superoxide radicals. Overall, these photocatalysts exhibit significant potential for PFAS removal, though their performance depends on careful material optimization and system design.