Environmental pollution is now recognized as a major factor in the onset and development of lung cancer worldwide, including in Romania, where this factor is increasingly associated with the rise in cases observed since 2021. This study investigates the influence of environmental conditions on the incidence of specific pathologies. In order to assess the impact of environmental contamination on cancer risk, a multidisciplinary analysis is structured in three steps: the first step was to identify the problem (problem identification – PI), the second step was to explain the problem (problem explanation – PE), and the third step was to manage the problem (problem management – PM). This study presents the results of the preliminary phase, designated as problem identification (PI), which sought to formulate a spatial model of lung cancer. This involved the analysis of two distinct aspects: the distribution of lung cancer incidence and the location of former uranium mining areas. The exploratory spatial analysis of the data was conducted utilizing tools such as ESDA and SPLOT from the Python Spatial Analysis Library (PySAL). The results highlight a high concentration of lung cancer incidence in areas with historical mining activity, particularly uranium and nonferrous metal mining. A key outcome of the research is the realization of a spatially coordinated database of patients diagnosed with cancer, which has allowed the development of a spatial model of the distribution of the disease, providing a valuable tool for future investigation of the determinants of cancer.