In the larger context of One Health, soil pollution has grown to be a serious worldwide problem that affects ecosystems, agriculture, and human health. There are many other causes of this complex issue, all of which add to the dangerous materials found in agricultural soils. Heavy metals, biological diseases, microplastics, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are some of the main contaminants. In addition to decreasing agricultural yield and degrading soil quality, these pollutants can accumulate in the food chain and pose major health concerns to both people and animals. They also exacerbate the problem of antibiotic resistance, which puts human and animal health at even greater risk. Soil pollution has significant effects on plant health and soil fertility, which reduces agricultural yields and presents financial difficulties for farmers. Furthermore, soil pollutants damage animals and disturb microbial ecosystems, endangering biodiversity and ecological stability. These interrelated effects emphasize how vital soil is to maintaining life and how important it is to maintain its health for a healthy environment. Promising treatments include remediation techniques such as phytoremediation, which can help to reduce pollution levels and safeguard soil resources. Therefore, this chapter aims to better understand many kinds of soil contaminants and their origins in agricultural soils; investigate their effects on agricultural yield, human and animal health, soil and plant health, and ecosystems; and highlight the concept of One Health concerning soil contamination.