Environmental contaminants (ECs) are pressing global challenges, posing serious threat to humans and the environment. These contaminants bring large insecurity, threaten global water and food security, and endanger ecosystems and human life. This is further exacerbated by the intensive industrialization, urbanization, and rapid population growth and further compounded by climate change. This is true especially for developing nations that are struggling to provide safe water and food to their citizens due to weak and fragmented policies, inadequate infrastructure, and delays in taking decisive actions. The UN framed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to achieve sustainable development. In fact, SDGs are the guidelines prepared for the sustainable development of humans and emphasize the need to access safe water, food, and air for a quality life. This chapter reviews the relevant literature available on the environmental contaminants aligned with the UN SDGs. The chapter explores major contaminants and discusses the technologies adopted for their remediation, applicability, and challenges. It examines numerous pollutants contaminating the environment. Supported by case studies, the study narrows down the advancements in groundwater quality research and highlights the key areas of research. The chapter also proposes suggestions for the sustainable management of resources, highlighting the knowledge gaps that persist in achieving the UN sustainable development goals.