Globally, the consumption of pharmaceuticals (P) and personal care products (PPCPs) has increased exponentially. Over 95% of PPCPs consumed globally are excreted without being wholly metabolised. More worrisome is that PPCPs are not entirely eradicated by wastewater treatment plants, leading to their subsequent discharge into surrounding watersheds. The incessant discharge of PPCPs into watersheds will negatively influence the aquatic environment and cause unwanted human health risks due to bioaccumulation and persistence in the ecosystem. The need for this comprehensive review is crucial in understanding the full extent of the issue and in formulating effective solutions. This chapter comprehensively reviews the current understanding of PPCPs in aquatic environments. It assesses the environmental risks of these contaminants, focusing on their persistence, potential for bioaccumulation, and toxicity.