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This work offers an overview description of the natural environment and anthropogenic pressures in the Thermaikos Gulf along the land-sea continuum, encompassing coastal areas and hinterlands, shaped by major rivers and diverse geological formations. Coastal zones experience anthropogenic pressures from urbanization, industry, agriculture, and tourism. Other human activities, like dam construction, affect freshwater inflow, leading to saline intrusion and wetland decline. Thus, land-sea interactions influence marine dynamics, affecting water quality, nutrients, and pollutants. Cyclonic circulation, dense water formation, and seasonal variations play a crucial role in shaping the gulf’s ecosystem. River plume dynamics and wind influence biogeochemical properties. Marine ecosystems are affected by wastewaters, carrying heavy metals and pollutants, while eutrophication phenomena and harmful algal blooms (HABs) are frequent in the area. Phytoplankton indicators highlight differences between inner and outer gulf conditions. Benthic communities face degradation from pollution and fishing, with varied ecological statuses. Ecological models underscore fishing impacts and the need for sustainable management.

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Thermaikos Gulf: An Area Under Multiple Natural and Anthropogenic Pressures

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2023年

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  • Helen Kaberi,
  • Christina Zeri,
  • Yannis Androulidakis,
  • Ioanna Varkitzi,
  • Ioanna Siokou,
  • Soultana Zervoudaki,
  • Nikolaos Katsiaras,
  • Paraskevi Drakopoulou,
  • Eleni Tzempelikou,
  • Sofia Reizopoulou,
  • Laura Bray,
  • Emmanouela Voutsinas,
  • Kalliopi Pagou,
  • Yannis Krestenitis,
  • Evaggelia Krasakopoulou,
  • Aristomenis Karageorgis,
  • Panayotis Panayotidis,
  • Vassilis Lykousis,
  • George Chronis,
  • Christos Anagnostou

摘要

This work offers an overview description of the natural environment and anthropogenic pressures in the Thermaikos Gulf along the land-sea continuum, encompassing coastal areas and hinterlands, shaped by major rivers and diverse geological formations. Coastal zones experience anthropogenic pressures from urbanization, industry, agriculture, and tourism. Other human activities, like dam construction, affect freshwater inflow, leading to saline intrusion and wetland decline. Thus, land-sea interactions influence marine dynamics, affecting water quality, nutrients, and pollutants. Cyclonic circulation, dense water formation, and seasonal variations play a crucial role in shaping the gulf’s ecosystem. River plume dynamics and wind influence biogeochemical properties. Marine ecosystems are affected by wastewaters, carrying heavy metals and pollutants, while eutrophication phenomena and harmful algal blooms (HABs) are frequent in the area. Phytoplankton indicators highlight differences between inner and outer gulf conditions. Benthic communities face degradation from pollution and fishing, with varied ecological statuses. Ecological models underscore fishing impacts and the need for sustainable management.