This chapter provides an overview of the potential of natural biopolymers, such as lignin and cellulose, and agro-industrial waste as carriers for enzyme immobilization. For this purpose, the materials are categorized into three groups: lignin-based supports, cellulose-based supports, and lignocellulosic-based agro-industrial wastes. The chapter highlights significant potential of these materials for enzyme immobilization, particularly agro-industrial waste, which is underutilized and poses environmental challenges when improperly stored. The chapter also emphasizes the benefits of using these biopolymers and waste materials, including their low cost and wide availability. Developing more sustainable and cost-effective biocatalysts can reduce negative environmental impacts, give contribution to the application of the concept of bio-economy, and enhance the application of enzymatic technology in industry. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the enzyme immobilization techniques and presents various areas of application of immobilized biocatalysts. Overall, the chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of natural biopolymers (lignin and cellulose) and agro-industrial waste as carriers for enzyme immobilization, highlighting their potential benefits and applications.