Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has made substantial contributions to addressing a wide range of medical challenges, particularly in oncology. AI technologies—particularly deep learning and large-scale foundation models—have been increasingly applied across various domains of oncology research and clinical practice, demonstrating considerable potential to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment. These applications span multiple domains, including early cancer detection, diagnosis, diagnosis, classification and grading of tumors, molecular characterization of cancers, prediction of patient outcomes and treatment responses, personalization of therapies, automation of radiotherapy workflows, and the facilitation of novel anti-cancer drug discovery and clinical trials. In recent years, the emergence of big data analytics and AI has further created new opportunities to enhance the precision and effectiveness of radiotherapy and personalized treatment strategies in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this chapter, we introduce the general principles of AI, summarize its main applications in the diagnosis and treatment of NPC, and discuss the remaining challenges and future directions.