Osteogenic tumors represent a subset of bone tumors characterized by their ability to form an osteoid matrix. These tumors are commonly encountered in clinical practice. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies osteogenic tumors according to their biological behavior as benign, intermediate, or malignant. Osteoma is a benign bone-forming tumor typically located on the bone surface and is often asymptomatic. In contrast, osteoid osteoma is a small (less than 2 cm) benign lesion predominantly found in the cortex of long bones, which generally presents with pain that responds well to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Osteoblastomas are considered indeterminate due to their locally aggressive nature and are similar to osteoid osteomas; however, they are larger, generally more than 2 cm. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, particularly affecting children. The WHO classifies malignant osteogenic lesions into several categories: osteosarcoma not otherwise specified (NOS), low-grade central osteosarcoma, parosteal osteosarcoma, periosteal osteosarcoma, high-grade surface osteosarcoma, and secondary osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma NOS is further divided into three subtypes: conventional osteosarcoma, telangiectatic osteosarcoma, and small cell osteosarcoma. Each osteogenic lesion demonstrates characteristic imaging features. Imaging is essential for diagnosis, preoperative staging of malignant lesions, treatment planning, guidance during percutaneous biopsy/therapy, and for assessing treatment response and recurrence.