This document explores the critical role of ergonomics in preventing musculoskeletal injuries among musicians, emphasizing the physical demands of playing various instruments and the importance of proper technique, posture, and practice habits. It examines the prevalence and risk factors of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs), such as carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis, and focal dystonia, which affect 26%–93% of instrumental musicians. Instrument-specific ergonomic challenges for keyboardists, string players, wind instrumentalists, percussionists, and vocalists are analyzed, alongside preventive strategies including postural adjustments, warm-up routines, and workload management. The integration of ergonomic principles into music education is highlighted as essential for fostering sustainable careers. By synthesizing research from performing arts medicine, this work underscores the need for musicians and educators to prioritize ergonomic awareness to enhance performance longevity and artistic expression while minimizing injury risks.