A multitude of challenging findings in breast imaging may restrict the assessment of the breast by concealing or mimicking disease, with artifacts being a major contributing component. Artifacts are related to patient, technique, or equipment in different imaging modalities. In this chapter, we describe artifacts and pitfalls that may occur in analog and digital mammography, ultrasound imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging of the breast. Additionally, we also recommend measures that can help to reduce or eliminate these artifacts and pitfalls. Implementation of a well-organized quality control program will help reduce the occurrence of artifacts.