The need to produce food for a growing population in a sustainable way implies thinking of new solutions that include technology. Traditional agricultural practices, which are often highly resource-intensive and generate high environmental impacts, are no longer viable in the long term. In this sense, smart agriculture can provide answers to many of the problems directly related to the sustainable feeding of 10 billion people by 2050. The integration of advanced technologies is transforming agriculture into a more efficient and sustainable model, allowing for large-scale food production without compromising ecological and environmental balance. Sensors that use chlorophyll fluorescence to monitor plant health can make a significant contribution to adjusting agricultural practices accordingly. In this chapter, we introduce advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence associated with chlorophyll fluorescence technologies. We also present some cutting-edge examples currently available on the market that use chlorophyll fluorescence as a source of information, including sensors for terrestrial and marine applications, and microscopy for variable chlorophyll fluorescence and fluorescence imaging. These innovations offer sustainable solutions for smart agriculture.