Band Alignment and Transport Layers in Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要
Tin perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging as a promising alternative to lead-based PSCs, thanks to their excellent semiconducting properties, structural stability, and eco-friendliness. However, they face challenges in achieving higher efficiencies, partly due to issues with energy-level alignment between tin perovskites and charge transport materials. This chapter discusses the origin of band edges in tin perovskites, highlighting that the conduction band minimum (CBM) is primarily determined by the Sn 5p orbital energy and offset by the halide ions through Coulombic repulsion. It also examines the general trends in band edge positions for various tin perovskites and proposes suitable electron and hole transport materials, considering their energy levels and carrier mobilities, for both normal and inverted device architectures. This chapter emphasizes the importance of developing better transport materials and surface modifications to enhance the performance and stability of tin PSCs, ultimately unlocking their potential for efficient solar energy conversion.