The second most frequent gynecological cancer in the United States is ovarian cancer, which also happens to be the most deadly type of gynecological cancer. The treatment of advanced-stage ovarian cancer (OC) typically involves primary cytoreductive surgery aiming for macroscopic tumor resection followed by adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel combination chemotherapy (CT). Despite recent advancements in primary treatment and often successful initial therapy, recurrence occurs in 75–80% of patients. Platinum-based CT and targeted agents constitute the standard systemic treatment for platinum-sensitive recurrent OC. Secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCR) in these patients remains a topic of debate. This review is the result of prospective and retrospective trials evaluating SCR in OC. Some retrospective studies have shown that complete tumor resection with SCR improves overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in platinum-sensitive recurrent OC. Three prospective randomized trials assessing the benefit of SCR in platinum-sensitive recurrent OC have shown significant benefits in both PFS and OS with DESKTOP-III. In SOC 1, a PFS benefit was demonstrated, but OS data are still immature. GOG 213 did not demonstrate any advantage in either PFS or OS. However, these studies differ in design factors, such as patient selection criteria and additional treatments added to SCR. Both retrospective and prospective studies have shown that complete macroscopic resection is the most important factor influencing survival. Given the widespread use of PARP inhibitors in platinum-sensitive recurrent OC in recent years and the limitations of prospective randomized trials, additional research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of SCR in this patient population.