The ongoing technological progress has created favorable conditions for the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in the medical field with promising results. The applications of AI technology in cancer diagnosis, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC), have currently attracted great interest. CRC constitutes a commonly diagnosed malignant tumor, leading to a significant increase in cancer-related deaths globally. As CRC is considered a largely preventable malignancy, advanced AI systems can help reduce its incidence, morbidity, and mortality, ultimately avoiding unnecessary delays in prompt treatment. Interestingly, the development of AI models has shown great potential for the accurate detection and characterization of CRC and its precursor lesions. In fact, these advanced techniques are used in different available modalities for CRC screening, especially colonoscopy, contributing to significant benefits from declining cancer-specific mortality rates. At the same time, pathomics and radiomics represent other emerging fields of AI-based research in CRC diagnosis. AI models can help physicians achieve accurate histopathologic diagnosis and radiological evaluation of colorectal carcinomas. Our chapter herein aims to uncover innovative AI applications regarding CRC screening and diagnosis, promising a brighter future for patients. Indeed, computer-aided models offer powerful tools to the evolving landscape of AI in clinical practice, transforming CRC patient care and improving patient outcomes.