Dentistry takes a broad approach to cancer patient care in the field of oncology, specifically in general oncology, head and neck cancer oncology, and oncohematology. In this situation, dentists are involved in cancer patients’ care from preparation to post-antineoplastic therapy. A simple but thorough review of the global literature was conducted on pre-surgical oral care for head and neck neoplasms, oral care for patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, and oral care for patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy in general oncology and oncohematology. The principles and practices of oral care prior to surgery and radiotherapy for the treatment of oral neoplasms, as well as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, can alter multidisciplinary teams’ patient care methods, greatly increasing quality of life.