Mitochondria, essential organelles intricately involved in cellular processes, play a crucial role in cancer progression and the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. Mitochondrial transplantation, an innovative procedure to transfer healthy mitochondria to cells with dysfunctional counterparts, holds great potential in treating mitochondria-based diseases, including cancer. Various methods have been proposed for the isolation and transplantation of mitochondria, which differ depending on the type of study. Based on recent findings, four main mechanisms are involved in mitochondrial transplantation, which includes tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), extracellular vesicles, and cellular fusion. Preclinical studies have shown promising outcomes, including improvements in cell cycle regulation, cellular energy metabolism, and modulation of cancer progression. In this chapter, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the pivotal role of mitochondria in cancer. We endeavor to investigate the impact of mitochondrial transplantation on targeted cells and cancer progression, explore diverse methods and mechanisms of mitochondrial transplantation, and discuss the challenges associated with implementing this approach.