Despite progress in identifying tumors, specialized treatments, and the introduction of new therapies, the forecast for those diagnosed with aggressive brain cancer is bleak, with a survival rate of under 20% after 2 years. This underscores the critical need for a more thorough understanding of the disease to develop more effective treatments. In this chapter, personalized cancer treatments, using precision medicine techniques, have shown potential in dealing with brain tumors resistant to conventional treatments. Clinical studies are underway to assess the lack of side effects and efficacy of new treatment methods for malignant brain tumors. While precision medicine is currently being used to treat CNS tumors, more extensive research is needed. This part gives a summary of the existing evidence on the role of precision medicine in treating primary CNS tumors, detailing the various tumor phenotypes, common genetic changes, and the effectiveness of precision medicine approaches.