Genome engineering has revolutionized the landscape of molecular biology and medical research, offering unprecedented precision in manipulating the genetic material of organisms. Among these, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a versatile tool, enabling targeted modifications within the genome. In cancer research, genome editing allows for the targeted disruption of oncogenes and the exploration of genetic factors contributing to tumorigenesis. This knowledge not only enhances our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying diseases but also paves the way for developing personalized therapeutic strategies. Genome editing holds immense promise for tailoring medical treatments to individual genetic profiles. The identification and correction of disease-causing mutations offer unprecedented opportunities to address the root causes of genetic disorders. Moreover, generating genetically modified animal models empowers researchers to investigate diseases within biological systems that are both more pertinent and precise. Genome editing technologies, such as TALENs and ZFNs, represent a paradigm shift in molecular biology, offering unprecedented precision in genetic manipulation. The ongoing advancements in this field have far-reaching implications for both basic research and clinical applications, positioning genome editing as a cornerstone in the journey toward personalized medicine and innovative therapeutic interventions. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of genome editing technologies and their transformative impact on cancer research, with a particular focus on their applications in precision medicine and therapeutic interventions including clinical trials.