Urban road dust (URD) is one of the greatest threats when it comes to air pollution, and there is still a lack of a cheap and effective tool for monitoring and assessing the health risks resulting from contact with URD. This work is devoted to the issue of mutagenicity testing of urban road dust with bioindicators. Overall, the chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge on the topic. It creates an understanding of the topic for the reader by discussing the findings presented in recent research papers. This is not a frequently discussed issue, but it is definitely worth broader attention and recognition, because the application of common and available research biological materials or living organisms such as lichens, mosses or their products i.e. spider webs and feathers, is simple and much less expensive than traditional research and provides valuable information wherever traditional studies are difficult or even impossible to conduct. Therefore, this chapter presents cheap alternatives that can help estimate the risk of exposure to URD in everyday life. In the summary, the possible future research prospects and method development were also presented.