Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a non-invasive technique that delivers precisely targeted radiation with submillimeter accuracy to the tumor with rapid dose falloff, which helps to deliver the most ablative dose to the target volume. Comparing SRS with other viable techniques, including surgery, it has been proved that SRS carries fewer adverse effects and leads to less duration of hospital stay as well as lower health care costs. This chapter reviews the evolving roles of SRS in different primary brain neoplasms including gliomas, glomus jugular tumors, vestibular schwannomas, meningiomas, choroid plexus tumors, hemangioblastomas, craniopharyngiomas, optic pathway gliomas, chordomas, chondrosarcomas, hypothalamic hamartomas, and pituitary adenomas. The main purpose is to give a thorough explanation of the role of SRS, besides considering the optimal dose delivery and treatment planning of different pathologies.