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Genitourinary (GU) cancers are a class of diseases defined by anatomical and physiological origin. Nevertheless, they vary in approximately any characteristics of molecular and cellular biology, pathophysiology, treatment in advanced stages, and prognosis. Prostate cancer is the most frequent GU malignancy, with a moderately indolent behavior, a tendency for bone metastases, and a dependency on the androgen receptor pathway, for which has been successfully accomplished treatments. Kidney cancer is accompanied by several paraneoplastic, metabolic, and hormonal syndromes. Bladder/urothelial cancers, regrettably, are the subgroup of neoplasms with quite a little advancement in therapeutic opportunities for metastatic disease. However, a few patients can be treated with combination chemotherapy, particularly in metastases with small volumes restricted to lungs or lymph nodes. Testicular cancer is treatable even in extensively disseminated conditions of disease, mainly with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Major female GU cancers include the cervix, corpus uterine, and ovarian cancer, in descending order regarding incidence rate. GU cancer patients need to be treated with a multidisciplinary approach. Patients with metastatic conditions have traditionally been cured with a combination of chemotherapies and targeted medicines. These cytotoxic drugs achieve palliation and have high response rates; nevertheless, complete responses are uncommon. In the last 20 years, the science of cancer immunology has advanced rapidly. A variety of medicines and vaccines have recently been produced that adjust the immune system to recognize and target cancer cells. These drugs have two advantages: they improve the body’s immune system’s ability to combat cancer and have fewer side effects than traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Second, a small but significant proportion of patients with metastatic illness are cured or experience long-term responses after receiving immunotherapy. In this chapter, we clarify the fundamental aspects of GU cancers with an interdisciplinary approach focusing on new diagnosis and treatment strategies and future aspects.

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Interdisciplinary Approach in Genitourinary Cancers

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2022年

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  • Melika Shafeghat,
  • Maryam Balibegloo,
  • Nima Rezaei

摘要

Genitourinary (GU) cancers are a class of diseases defined by anatomical and physiological origin. Nevertheless, they vary in approximately any characteristics of molecular and cellular biology, pathophysiology, treatment in advanced stages, and prognosis. Prostate cancer is the most frequent GU malignancy, with a moderately indolent behavior, a tendency for bone metastases, and a dependency on the androgen receptor pathway, for which has been successfully accomplished treatments. Kidney cancer is accompanied by several paraneoplastic, metabolic, and hormonal syndromes. Bladder/urothelial cancers, regrettably, are the subgroup of neoplasms with quite a little advancement in therapeutic opportunities for metastatic disease. However, a few patients can be treated with combination chemotherapy, particularly in metastases with small volumes restricted to lungs or lymph nodes. Testicular cancer is treatable even in extensively disseminated conditions of disease, mainly with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Major female GU cancers include the cervix, corpus uterine, and ovarian cancer, in descending order regarding incidence rate. GU cancer patients need to be treated with a multidisciplinary approach. Patients with metastatic conditions have traditionally been cured with a combination of chemotherapies and targeted medicines. These cytotoxic drugs achieve palliation and have high response rates; nevertheless, complete responses are uncommon. In the last 20 years, the science of cancer immunology has advanced rapidly. A variety of medicines and vaccines have recently been produced that adjust the immune system to recognize and target cancer cells. These drugs have two advantages: they improve the body’s immune system’s ability to combat cancer and have fewer side effects than traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Second, a small but significant proportion of patients with metastatic illness are cured or experience long-term responses after receiving immunotherapy. In this chapter, we clarify the fundamental aspects of GU cancers with an interdisciplinary approach focusing on new diagnosis and treatment strategies and future aspects.