Boron is a naturally occurring trace element that has historically received limited attention in human nutrition and is of increasing biological importance. It is widely found in nature, primarily through food and drinking water, and has attracted attention for its potential health benefits. Emerging evidence suggests that boron supplementation may support bone health, cognitive function, mineral and hormonal metabolism, the antioxidant defense system, body weight regulation, and inflammation reduction. This review examines the physiological roles, health, and clinical effects of boron, both through dietary intake and supplementation. Although not currently classified as an essential nutrient, boron appears to be biologically important, and it is thought that supplementation may have positive effects on many health conditions, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, body weight regulation, cancer prevention and treatment, diseases associated with oxidative stress, neurological and mental disorders, and hormonal imbalance.