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GNSS-A observations are a leading technology for precise observation of crustal movement on the seafloor, but the need for a surface platform poses a technical bottleneck in increasing the frequency of observations and expanding the coverage over a wider area. Since the 2010s, various unmanned platforms have been developed and can be used for GNSS-A. Buoy and unmanned surface vehicle (USV) observations are extremely useful for increasing routine observation frequency and the number of observation points. Furthermore, high-speed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology is useful for emergency observations. Even with the development of diverse unmanned platforms, ships remain essential for routine observations and the development of seafloor observatories. This paper describes recent efforts to introduce equipment onto commercial vessels to enhance the operation system, provides an overview of self-propelled USV/UAV technology development, and introduces GNSS-A observation tests using these technologies. While these technologies have unique capabilities and are more advanced than conventional self-propelled technologies, further development of aircraft and surrounding monitoring and prediction technologies is required to ensure durability in the marine environment.

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New Technologies and Operations to Resolve the Problem of Sea Surface Platforms for GNSS-A

  • 章节

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Yusuke Yokota,
  • Yuto Yoshizumi,
  • Shun-ichi Watanabe

摘要

GNSS-A observations are a leading technology for precise observation of crustal movement on the seafloor, but the need for a surface platform poses a technical bottleneck in increasing the frequency of observations and expanding the coverage over a wider area. Since the 2010s, various unmanned platforms have been developed and can be used for GNSS-A. Buoy and unmanned surface vehicle (USV) observations are extremely useful for increasing routine observation frequency and the number of observation points. Furthermore, high-speed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology is useful for emergency observations. Even with the development of diverse unmanned platforms, ships remain essential for routine observations and the development of seafloor observatories. This paper describes recent efforts to introduce equipment onto commercial vessels to enhance the operation system, provides an overview of self-propelled USV/UAV technology development, and introduces GNSS-A observation tests using these technologies. While these technologies have unique capabilities and are more advanced than conventional self-propelled technologies, further development of aircraft and surrounding monitoring and prediction technologies is required to ensure durability in the marine environment.