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As of March 2025, three BDS Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites C59/C60/C62 have been providing satellite-based precise point positioning (PPP) services via PPP-B2b augmentation signals. According to official status reports from the Test and Assessment Research Center of China Satellite Navigation Office, C59 and C60 are in normal operational service, while C62 remains in an on-orbit testing phase. To characterize the performance differences in PPP services among C59/C60/C62, this study collected PPP-B2b augmentation messages on the first day of each month from January 2024 to March 2025, comprising 15-day dataset. The State Space Representation (SSR) corrections from C59/C60/C62 are decoded to recover PPP-B2b orbit/clock products. Key findings are summarized as follows: (1) Orbit accuracy assessment reveals that C62’s BDS medium earth orbit (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites achieve radial/along-track/cross-track (R/A/C) root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 5.1/19.2/18.2 cm and 13.5/33.6/30.4 cm, respectively, which closely match C59/C60’s performance with differences of less than 1 cm. However, C62’s GPS orbits exhibit degraded accuracies (10.6/32.0/36.5 cm in R/A/C directions) compared to C59/C60’s, resulting in approximately 25 cm difference in 3D accuracy. (2) Clock precision assessment shows standard deviations (STDs) of 0.11/0.20/0.18 ns for C62’s BDS MEO/BDS IGSO/GPS satellite clock offsets, marginally exceeding C59/C60’s values by less than 0.03 ns. (3) Static PPP test using C62’s PPP-B2b products demonstrates coordinate biases of −9.8/2.9/−1.3 cm in East/North/Up (E/N/U) directions relative to C59/C60’s solutions. (4) Simulated kinematic PPP test indicates that C62’s PPP-B2b products require an average convergence time of 16.1 min to achieve below 0.3/0.5 m horizontal/vertical positioning errors, whereas C59/C60’s products converge in 13.7 min. Regarding positioning accuracy, E/N/U RMSEs of 11.2/4.8/10.8 cm are achieved using C62’s products, compared to 4.4/2.5/8.1 cm using C59/C60’s products. In conclusion, as of March 2025, the PPP service provided by C62 is not as good as that of C59/C60. Continuous monitoring of C62’s PPP service will be performed in the future.

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Revealing Characteristics of BDS PPP Service Provided by On-orbit Testing Satellite C62

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Chenhao Ouyang,
  • Junbo Shi,
  • Wenjie Peng,
  • Jiming Guo,
  • Yibin Yao

摘要

As of March 2025, three BDS Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites C59/C60/C62 have been providing satellite-based precise point positioning (PPP) services via PPP-B2b augmentation signals. According to official status reports from the Test and Assessment Research Center of China Satellite Navigation Office, C59 and C60 are in normal operational service, while C62 remains in an on-orbit testing phase. To characterize the performance differences in PPP services among C59/C60/C62, this study collected PPP-B2b augmentation messages on the first day of each month from January 2024 to March 2025, comprising 15-day dataset. The State Space Representation (SSR) corrections from C59/C60/C62 are decoded to recover PPP-B2b orbit/clock products. Key findings are summarized as follows: (1) Orbit accuracy assessment reveals that C62’s BDS medium earth orbit (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites achieve radial/along-track/cross-track (R/A/C) root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 5.1/19.2/18.2 cm and 13.5/33.6/30.4 cm, respectively, which closely match C59/C60’s performance with differences of less than 1 cm. However, C62’s GPS orbits exhibit degraded accuracies (10.6/32.0/36.5 cm in R/A/C directions) compared to C59/C60’s, resulting in approximately 25 cm difference in 3D accuracy. (2) Clock precision assessment shows standard deviations (STDs) of 0.11/0.20/0.18 ns for C62’s BDS MEO/BDS IGSO/GPS satellite clock offsets, marginally exceeding C59/C60’s values by less than 0.03 ns. (3) Static PPP test using C62’s PPP-B2b products demonstrates coordinate biases of −9.8/2.9/−1.3 cm in East/North/Up (E/N/U) directions relative to C59/C60’s solutions. (4) Simulated kinematic PPP test indicates that C62’s PPP-B2b products require an average convergence time of 16.1 min to achieve below 0.3/0.5 m horizontal/vertical positioning errors, whereas C59/C60’s products converge in 13.7 min. Regarding positioning accuracy, E/N/U RMSEs of 11.2/4.8/10.8 cm are achieved using C62’s products, compared to 4.4/2.5/8.1 cm using C59/C60’s products. In conclusion, as of March 2025, the PPP service provided by C62 is not as good as that of C59/C60. Continuous monitoring of C62’s PPP service will be performed in the future.