Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measures the roundtrip time-of-flight of short laser pulses between SLR ground station telescopes and satellites equipped with retro-reflector arrays. Over the years the technology has evolved towards higher repetition rates, which requires either faster moving mechanics or separate optical systems for the transmit and receive path. The approach presented in this article, however, does neither require fast moving mechanics nor separate optical systems. The Swiss Optical Ground Station (SwissOGS) Zimmerwald has carried out a major upgrade in 2025 and is now operating a 1 kHz SLR system. A special feature of the new system is that the same transmit and receive path is used. When transmitting and receiving in the telescope Coudé path, it is necessary to prevent the outgoing laser pulse from directly hitting the detector. Another well-known problem is the so-called afterglow, which results from intensely laser-illuminated optics. Many SLR stations contribute to the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). Higher repetition rates are beneficial for improving the quality of the SLR normal point generation. But higher repetition rates require upgrades to the processing software and hardware, e.g. the laser. On the hardware side, transmit/receive switching techniques such as the mechanical rotating shutter are critical elements, as their rotational velocity cannot easily be increased. As in the early days of SLR technology, one option for implementation is to piggyback the laser on the telescope tube, with the disadvantage of a potentially varying alignment. Another option for implementation is to use a perforated mirror which has solved this problem at the Zimmerwald station for years. Our new technique also takes afterglow into account. In this article, we present the implementation of a kHz transmission and reception in the telescope Coudé path. Although the SLR systems share common components such as a telescope, laser, detector, timer, etc., the implementations at the SLR stations differ in the details. The presented solution could be implemented at other stations although they may differ in certain details. At Zimmerwald, 1 kHz is currently used for satellite tracking without any mechanical rotating parts tied to the high repetition rate. The laser and detector are still located in the telescope Coudé.

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The New 1 kHz Zimmerwald SLR System – Transmit and Receive from Telescope Coudé

  • Pierre Lauber,
  • Linda Geisser,
  • Adrian Jäggi,
  • Lucia Kleint

摘要

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measures the roundtrip time-of-flight of short laser pulses between SLR ground station telescopes and satellites equipped with retro-reflector arrays. Over the years the technology has evolved towards higher repetition rates, which requires either faster moving mechanics or separate optical systems for the transmit and receive path. The approach presented in this article, however, does neither require fast moving mechanics nor separate optical systems. The Swiss Optical Ground Station (SwissOGS) Zimmerwald has carried out a major upgrade in 2025 and is now operating a 1 kHz SLR system. A special feature of the new system is that the same transmit and receive path is used. When transmitting and receiving in the telescope Coudé path, it is necessary to prevent the outgoing laser pulse from directly hitting the detector. Another well-known problem is the so-called afterglow, which results from intensely laser-illuminated optics. Many SLR stations contribute to the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). Higher repetition rates are beneficial for improving the quality of the SLR normal point generation. But higher repetition rates require upgrades to the processing software and hardware, e.g. the laser. On the hardware side, transmit/receive switching techniques such as the mechanical rotating shutter are critical elements, as their rotational velocity cannot easily be increased. As in the early days of SLR technology, one option for implementation is to piggyback the laser on the telescope tube, with the disadvantage of a potentially varying alignment. Another option for implementation is to use a perforated mirror which has solved this problem at the Zimmerwald station for years. Our new technique also takes afterglow into account. In this article, we present the implementation of a kHz transmission and reception in the telescope Coudé path. Although the SLR systems share common components such as a telescope, laser, detector, timer, etc., the implementations at the SLR stations differ in the details. The presented solution could be implemented at other stations although they may differ in certain details. At Zimmerwald, 1 kHz is currently used for satellite tracking without any mechanical rotating parts tied to the high repetition rate. The laser and detector are still located in the telescope Coudé.