<p>This Second Edition provides an essential resource that robotics researchers and engineers can use to make their robots smarter. This book includes design guidelines and helpful examples from state-of-the-art research. The author utilizes a systems engineering perspective in which metareasoning is an approach that can improve the overall robot or autonomous system, not just one component or subsystem. The book introduces key concepts, discusses design options for metareasoning approaches and policies, and describes the process of developing and testing metareasoning approaches. This new edition includes new research, new examples, and added discussion of adjustable autonomy and competence-aware systems.</p>