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Abstract <p>The research was conducted in 2019–2023 at the I. V Michurin Federal Scientific Center, Michurinsk, Tambov Region. The purpose of the research was to identify valuable genotypes of apple trees with an increased content of biologically active compounds in the fruits for industrial production and use in further breeding. The objects of the study included 15 apple varieties bred by the Michurin Federal Scientific Center: Uspenskoye, Skala, Vympel, Flagman, Stela, Bylina, Frigat, Krasulya, Pamyati Nesterova, Blagovest, Akademik Kazakov, Munster, Charodeyka, and Purpurnoe CGL, which are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements and approved for use, as well as the Gurman variety, which is currently under variety testing. The Antonovka obyknovennaya and Bogatyr varieties were used as controls. The planting scheme is 6 × 3 m; the year of planting is 2009; the rootstock is 54–118. The soil type was leached medium-thick black soil with a loamy mechanical composition. The biochemical composition of the fruits was studied by generally accepted methods in three replications. The highest accumulation of vitamin C (mg/100 g) has been recorded in the fruits of the Uspenskoye (26.5) and Skala (25.6) varieties, which exceeds the control level (Antonovka obyknovennaya) by 74.3 and 68.4%, respectively. A high content of P-active compounds (231 to 296 mg/100 g) has been recorded for the Skala, Krasulya, and Uspenskoye varieties, which is 9.0–39.6% higher than the control (Antonovka obyknovennaya). With respect to the accumulation of soluble dry matter (SDM) (17.5%) and sugars (15.2%), the Pamyati Nesterova variety exceeds the control varieties by 22.4–63.4%. The Gurman variety has the highest value of the sugar-acid index (SAI) (39.1 units), which exceeds the level for Antonovka obyknovennaya by 4.7 times and Bogatyr by 2.7 times. In terms of chlorogenic acid content, the fruits of the Vympel variety exceeded the average value by 38.4%. Fresh consumption, as well as natural processed products with a high content level of vitamins and biologically active substances production for functional purposes, are the main practical significance of the obtained apple varieties.</p>

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Apple Varieties of the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center as a Basis for Achieving the Breeding Advantage of the Biochemical Composition of the Fruits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月1日

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  • N. N. Saveleva,
  • A. N. Yushkov,
  • A. S. Zemisov,
  • N. V. Borzykh,
  • V. V. Chivilev

摘要

Abstract

The research was conducted in 2019–2023 at the I. V Michurin Federal Scientific Center, Michurinsk, Tambov Region. The purpose of the research was to identify valuable genotypes of apple trees with an increased content of biologically active compounds in the fruits for industrial production and use in further breeding. The objects of the study included 15 apple varieties bred by the Michurin Federal Scientific Center: Uspenskoye, Skala, Vympel, Flagman, Stela, Bylina, Frigat, Krasulya, Pamyati Nesterova, Blagovest, Akademik Kazakov, Munster, Charodeyka, and Purpurnoe CGL, which are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements and approved for use, as well as the Gurman variety, which is currently under variety testing. The Antonovka obyknovennaya and Bogatyr varieties were used as controls. The planting scheme is 6 × 3 m; the year of planting is 2009; the rootstock is 54–118. The soil type was leached medium-thick black soil with a loamy mechanical composition. The biochemical composition of the fruits was studied by generally accepted methods in three replications. The highest accumulation of vitamin C (mg/100 g) has been recorded in the fruits of the Uspenskoye (26.5) and Skala (25.6) varieties, which exceeds the control level (Antonovka obyknovennaya) by 74.3 and 68.4%, respectively. A high content of P-active compounds (231 to 296 mg/100 g) has been recorded for the Skala, Krasulya, and Uspenskoye varieties, which is 9.0–39.6% higher than the control (Antonovka obyknovennaya). With respect to the accumulation of soluble dry matter (SDM) (17.5%) and sugars (15.2%), the Pamyati Nesterova variety exceeds the control varieties by 22.4–63.4%. The Gurman variety has the highest value of the sugar-acid index (SAI) (39.1 units), which exceeds the level for Antonovka obyknovennaya by 4.7 times and Bogatyr by 2.7 times. In terms of chlorogenic acid content, the fruits of the Vympel variety exceeded the average value by 38.4%. Fresh consumption, as well as natural processed products with a high content level of vitamins and biologically active substances production for functional purposes, are the main practical significance of the obtained apple varieties.