Abstract <p>The features of the formation and implementation of import substitution policy in the metalware industry of the Russian Federation are considered in order to ensure its competitiveness. The main factors influencing the creation of long-term competitive advantages in the metalware sub-sector of ferrous metallurgy are highlighted. It is concluded that measures of state support are necessary to enhance the competitiveness of metalware companies, aimed at strengthening the scientific potential of the industry, localizing the production of metalware equipment, restraining the price growth of state monopolies on energy resources and logistics, stimulating the increase in the consumption of domestic metalware in the internal market, and tightening technical, procedural, and tariff measures to curb imports.</p>