Abstract <p>The article presents the results of a study of the dynamics of changes in agrochemical parameters of soils and in soil cover structure as a result of hydrotechnical melioration, using the example of the experimental plot of the Bobrik agricultural enterprise. It is revealed that soil reaction has changed from slightly acid (pH_KCl 5.5–6.0 in 68.8% of the studied farm area of 530 ha) to neutral (pH_KCl 7.0–7.5) and slightly alkaline (рН_KCl 7.5–8.0) over a 50-year period, while the optimal рН_KCl for sandy soils is 5.5–5.8. Optimal values were in general reached for potassium content in 2022 after many years of chemical treatment of the plot and were not reached for phosphorus in 48.5% of the plot area. Analysis of the soil cover structure has shown that the number of soil areas increased from 58 to 172 during the period of disturbed hydrological regime (drainage), and the mean size of the elementary soil area decreased from 15.93 to 6.34 ha. An increase in the soil cover heterogeneity resulted in an even more intensive redistribution of substances, including excessive accumulation of fertilizers. Based on the calculated morphometric coefficients of the soil cover structure, it was determined that only 146 ha (13.9% of the plot area) may be effectively used as plow land for the restoration and rational use of the studied agrocenosis. Taking into account the agrochemical potential of lands recommended for exclusion from agricultural production due to the very high heterogeneity of the soil cover, their area is reduced from 72.5 to 23.2 ha due to the addition of elementary plots with agrochemical parameters sufficient for meadow use.</p>