Abstract <p>The features of vegetation and terrestrial detritus within the boundaries of the Chashnikovo training and experimental soil-ecological center in the upper reaches of the Klyazma River have been studied, these ecosystems corresponding to the conditions of coniferous–deciduous forests. Based on the ecological scales of L.G. Ramensky and E. Landolt, as well as the ecological–cenotic classification of A.A. Nitsenko, terrestrial ecosystems with different trophic and humidification levels were grouped by the principal component method. Within the territory under study, based on the ecological and cenotic structure of living ground cover, three groups of phytocenoses were identified: moderately wet forest phytocenoses with the predominance of spruce, wet forests with the predominance of small-leaved species, as well as phytocenoses of dryland and floodplain meadows. The classification and stocks of litters, as well as their spatial distribution within the phytocenosis, were assessed for all sampling points. The studied ecosystems vary significantly in litter stocks, from high values (about 5 kg/m²) in the tree trunk spaces of spruce forests to extremely low values (below 0.5 kg/m²) on upland and floodplain meadows, which determines the high heterogeneity of potential carbon accumulation within the territory. The typological affiliation of litter is interconnected with stocks only at the biogeocenotic level in relation to spruce forests, but this pattern does not work at a higher level, when ecosystems are considered at the landscape level.</p>