Abstract <p>The structure and characteristic features of the ecological and geological systems of residential complexes of Belarus have been identified and analyzed for the first time. The main abiotic component of the structure of these ecological and geological systems (EGSs) is the urbolithotope, which forms the lithogenic basis of the ecosystem. It includes urbanized relief and technogenically altered and artificial soil massifs with paragenesis of engineering-geological processes developed within their boundaries, as well as technogenically altered geochemical and geophysical fields. The most important abiotic components of the EGSs of residential complexes are also the urbohydrotope, which is characterized by technogenically altered hydrogeological conditions, urboedaphotope, which consists of various types of urbozems, and urboatmotope, which reflects technogenic change and pollution of the atmospheric air of cities. The abiotic components of the EGSs of residential complexes also include different urban engineering structures: residential and public buildings, different public utilities, urban public and private vehicles, road communications, etc. The main sources of technogenic transformation of natural components are urban engineering structures of various purposes, associated with the residential development of the territories. It is shown that all the components of the EGSs of residential complexes (both abiotic and biotic ones) interact with each other and have a set of specific characteristics determined by the influence of urbanization and anthropogenesis, which should be taken into account in their taxonomy and description and in the analysis of ecological functions of the lithosphere. The revealed patterns and features of the EGSs of the residential complexes in Belarus can also be considered as common for similar EGSs in Russia, which should be taken into account in engineering and environmental studies and engineering and environmental surveys.</p>