Abstract <p>An astrochronological (cyclostratigraphic) tie of the lithological and geochemical characteristics of the Neogene–Quaternary deposits of the sections to the Milankovitch cycles (eccentricity, inclination of the ecliptic, precession) was carried out. The relationship between the established variations of climate and paleotemperature with the moments of coincidence of different Milankovitch cycles was analyzed, and a possible detection limit of the method of high-precision planetary correlation was determined. Correlation markers for the high-precision planetary correlation of the Quaternary deposits have been determined. The records in the sedimentary sequence of phases of combination of different Milankovitch cycles, generating climate changes, as well as impact events correlating with phases of combination of different Milankovitch cycles can be considered astroclimate markers (benchmarks) for subdivision and correlation of sections. When analyzing the chronological distribution of impact structures, it was found that most of them coincide in time of their formation with the phases of combining different cycles of the Earth’s eccentricity or with the moments of combining different Milankovitch cycles, that is, precession, obliquity of the ecliptic and eccentricity, thereby marking these milestones in the Earth’s geological history. R.R. Gabdullin proposed a model explaining the correlation between the phases of combining different Milankovitch cycles and episodes of impact events. Materials from the Museum of Earth Science of Moscow State University were used for the study.</p>