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Abstract <p>When addressing issues related to new directions of research, particularly regarding the effects of stress factors on malignantly transformed cells, a significant number of specialists focus their attention on the characteristics of structural and functional changes in the well-known cellular compartments: the nucleus and the nucleolus. As a result, in recent years, a new understanding of the role of the mentioned structures in various intracellular processes has emerged. Along with the recognition of the fact that the nucleus is crucial for cell functioning and the preservation of genetic material, many studies raise questions about the mechanical properties of this compartment. There is an assumption that the percentage of migrating malignantly transformed cells and the depth of their invasion into extracellular matrices of varying densities is largely regulated by nuclear mechanics. At the same time, based on recent reports grounded in cutting-edge molecular and functional studies, experts are placing the nuclear envelope (NE) at the forefront of tumor progression, emphasizing its role in mediating most cellular responses, including those related to stress. An important role in cell functioning is also attributed to the nuclear lamina and its protein components—lamin A/C and emerin. It has been established that low levels of lamins lead to significant invagination of the NE and the formation of nuclear blebbing with loss of nuclear shape, while low levels of lamin A contribute to a decrease in nuclear rigidity, enhancing cell migration. Views on the functional role of the membrane-less nuclear compartment, the nucleolus, in cells have significantly changed and expanded. It has been proven that the nucleolus acts as an immediate stress sensor and signaling center when cells are exposed to various stress conditions. Due to advancements in the technical capabilities of biomedical research, the arsenal of fundamental discoveries regarding molecular targets in tumor cell compartments has expanded, bringing us closer to the implementation of personalized approaches to treating patients with malignant neoplasms.</p>

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Modern Ideas about the Role of Nuclear Compartments in Malignantly Transformed Cells under Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • L. A. Naleskina,
  • N. Yu. Lukianova,
  • L. M. Kunska,
  • V. F. Chekhun

摘要

Abstract

When addressing issues related to new directions of research, particularly regarding the effects of stress factors on malignantly transformed cells, a significant number of specialists focus their attention on the characteristics of structural and functional changes in the well-known cellular compartments: the nucleus and the nucleolus. As a result, in recent years, a new understanding of the role of the mentioned structures in various intracellular processes has emerged. Along with the recognition of the fact that the nucleus is crucial for cell functioning and the preservation of genetic material, many studies raise questions about the mechanical properties of this compartment. There is an assumption that the percentage of migrating malignantly transformed cells and the depth of their invasion into extracellular matrices of varying densities is largely regulated by nuclear mechanics. At the same time, based on recent reports grounded in cutting-edge molecular and functional studies, experts are placing the nuclear envelope (NE) at the forefront of tumor progression, emphasizing its role in mediating most cellular responses, including those related to stress. An important role in cell functioning is also attributed to the nuclear lamina and its protein components—lamin A/C and emerin. It has been established that low levels of lamins lead to significant invagination of the NE and the formation of nuclear blebbing with loss of nuclear shape, while low levels of lamin A contribute to a decrease in nuclear rigidity, enhancing cell migration. Views on the functional role of the membrane-less nuclear compartment, the nucleolus, in cells have significantly changed and expanded. It has been proven that the nucleolus acts as an immediate stress sensor and signaling center when cells are exposed to various stress conditions. Due to advancements in the technical capabilities of biomedical research, the arsenal of fundamental discoveries regarding molecular targets in tumor cell compartments has expanded, bringing us closer to the implementation of personalized approaches to treating patients with malignant neoplasms.