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Abstract <p>We present the selenographic coordinates of the <i>Blue Ghost M1</i> lander obtained by Earth-based radio interferometric measurements of its signals. The <i>Blue Ghost M1</i> spacecraft was developed by the Firefly Aerospace company as part of NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services program and successfully landed in Mare Crisium on March 2, 2025. During <i>Blue Ghost M1</i> operation on the lunar surface it transmitted telemetry and scientific data to Earth in the S- and X-bands frequencies. We recorded some of these broadcasts with three 13.2-m antennas of the Quasar VLBI network and measured the difference in signal arrival times for each receiving antenna pairs. These measurements allowed us to estimate the lander position on the lunar surface with an accuracy of 6 km.</p>

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Locating the Blue Ghost M1 Lander on the Lunar Surface Using Radio Interferometric Measurements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • E. O. Kazantseva,
  • Yu. S. Bondarenko,
  • D. A. Marshalov

摘要

Abstract

We present the selenographic coordinates of the Blue Ghost M1 lander obtained by Earth-based radio interferometric measurements of its signals. The Blue Ghost M1 spacecraft was developed by the Firefly Aerospace company as part of NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services program and successfully landed in Mare Crisium on March 2, 2025. During Blue Ghost M1 operation on the lunar surface it transmitted telemetry and scientific data to Earth in the S- and X-bands frequencies. We recorded some of these broadcasts with three 13.2-m antennas of the Quasar VLBI network and measured the difference in signal arrival times for each receiving antenna pairs. These measurements allowed us to estimate the lander position on the lunar surface with an accuracy of 6 km.