Abstract <p>The content of classes designed for students to learn the physical basics of astronomy in a timely manner is described. Within the framework of the general physics textbook, the material is stated necessary for the study of physical processes in the Solar system, stellar atmospheres, circumstellar gas, and the interstellar medium. Special attention is paid to issues that are not fully covered in the general physics course of the Moscow State University Faculty of Physics, or are not covered in it.</p>