<p>We study the metrical theory of the growth rate of digits in Lüroth expansions. More precisely, for <i>x</i> ∈ (0, 1], let [<i>d</i><sub>1</sub>(<i>x</i>), <i>d</i><sub>2</sub>(<i>x</i>), …] denote the Lüroth expansion of <i>x</i>. We completely determine the Hausdorff dimension of the sets <Equation ID="Equa"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10587_2025_924_Article_Equa.gif" Format="GIF" Height="68" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="313" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\matrix{{{E_{\sup }}(\psi ) = \Big\{ x \in (0,1]:\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } {{\log {d_n}(x)} \over {\psi (n)}} = 1\Big\} ,} \cr {E(\psi ) = \Big\{ x \in (0,1]:\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } {{\log {d_n}(x)} \over {\psi (n)}} = 1\Big\}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mo form="prefix" movablelimits="true">sup</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">{</mo> </mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>:</mo> <munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP"> <mo form="prefix" movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mo form="prefix" movablelimits="true">sup</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mo /> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>log</mi> <mo /> <mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">{</mo> </mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>:</mo> <munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP"> <mo form="prefix">lim</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mo /> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>log</mi> <mo /> <mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> and <Equation ID="Equb"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10587_2025_924_Article_Equb.gif" Format="GIF" Height="43" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="321" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({E_{\inf }}(\psi ) = \Big\{ x \in (0,1]:\mathop {\lim \inf }\limits_{n \to \infty } {{\log {d_n}(x)} \over {\psi (n)}} = 1\Big\},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mo form="prefix" movablelimits="true">inf</mo> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">{</mo> </mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>:</mo> <munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP"> <mo form="prefix" movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mo form="prefix" movablelimits="true">inf</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mo /> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>log</mi> <mo /> <mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> where <i>ψ</i>: ℕ → ℝ<sup>+</sup> is an arbitrary function satisfying <i>ψ</i>(<i>n</i>) → ∞ as <i>n</i> → ∞.</p>

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Hausdorff dimension of some exceptional sets in Lüroth expansions

  • Ao Wang,
  • Xinyun Zhang

摘要

We study the metrical theory of the growth rate of digits in Lüroth expansions. More precisely, for x ∈ (0, 1], let [d1(x), d2(x), …] denote the Lüroth expansion of x. We completely determine the Hausdorff dimension of the sets \(\matrix{{{E_{\sup }}(\psi ) = \Big\{ x \in (0,1]:\mathop {\lim \sup }\limits_{n \to \infty } {{\log {d_n}(x)} \over {\psi (n)}} = 1\Big\} ,} \cr {E(\psi ) = \Big\{ x \in (0,1]:\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } {{\log {d_n}(x)} \over {\psi (n)}} = 1\Big\}}}\) E sup ( ψ ) = { x ( 0 , 1 ] : lim sup n log d n ( x ) ψ ( n ) = 1 } , E ( ψ ) = { x ( 0 , 1 ] : lim n log d n ( x ) ψ ( n ) = 1 } and \({E_{\inf }}(\psi ) = \Big\{ x \in (0,1]:\mathop {\lim \inf }\limits_{n \to \infty } {{\log {d_n}(x)} \over {\psi (n)}} = 1\Big\},\) E inf ( ψ ) = { x ( 0 , 1 ] : lim inf n log d n ( x ) ψ ( n ) = 1 } , where ψ: ℕ → ℝ+ is an arbitrary function satisfying ψ(n) → ∞ as n → ∞.